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本帖最後由 ABC-DAD 於 16-1-28 21:50 編輯
Hypothermia
Hypothermia happens when the body’s core temperature drops below normal. It is a life-threatening medical emergency. Hypothermia is more common among small children and the elderly.
Signs of hypothermia
Hypothermia means the body temperature has fallen below 35°C (95°F). When the body is this cold, the brain is affected and clear thinking becomes difficult. People with hypothermia are often confused and disoriented. This makes the condition even more dangerous because they may not notice that anything is wrong.
Symptoms include:
shivering (until hypothermia becomes severe and then the shivering stops)
clumsiness
tiredness
memory loss and confusion
slurred speech
pale skin; blue hands and feet
breathing fast
Treating hypothermia
Hypothermia needs immediate action. If your child shows any of the signs listed above, move to a warm place and call for help. If you can, take your child’s temperature. If it is below 35°C (95°F), the situation is an emergency. Go see a doctor immediately or call 911 for help.
If medical care is not available, or if you are waiting for help to arrive, begin warming your child, as follows:
Get your child into a warm room or shelter.
Remove any wet clothing.
Warm the centre of the body first — chest, neck, head and groin — using an electric blanket, if available. Or use skin-to-skin contact under loose, dry layers of blankets, clothing, towels, or sheets.
Give your child sips of a warm beverage. This can help increase the body temperature,
After their body temperature has increased, keep your child dry and wrapped in a warm blanket, including the head and neck.
A person with severe hypothermia may be unconscious and may seem not to have a pulse or to be breathing. In this case, handle the person gently, and call 911 immediately. Even if the person does not appear to be breathing, someone should give CPR. CPR should continue while the person is being warmed, until they respond or medical aid arrives.
Drinking warm fluids in winter
Dehydration
Dehydration is a lack of water in the body. People tend to think of dehydration as a heat-related issue. However, dehydration occurs very quickly and easily in cold temperatures. People frequently do not notice dehydration and may not feel thirsty in the cold.
Always make sure children drink plenty of warm fluids to help the body maintain its temperature. If hot drinks are not available, drink plenty of plain water. Make children drink water before going out into the cold. Encourage children sip water even if they do not feel thirsty.
Signs of dehydration
restlessness, drowsiness and irritability
cold or sweaty skin
low energy levels, feeling weak or limp
no tears when crying
dry sticky mouth and/or tongue
sunken eyes or sunken soft spot (fontanels) on baby’s head
smaller amounts of urine (pee), no urine over eight to 12 hours, or dark-coloured urine
Treatment of dehydration
Begin with sips and gradually increase the amount of liquid. In addition to water, dehydration also includes a loss of salt and sugar. If possible, give your child an oral rehydration solution such as Pedialyte, Gastrolyte, Enfalyte or other brands containing a properly balanced amount of water, sugars, and salts. If you have an older child or a teenager, then you can give them a sports drink.
If your child is unresponsive, go see a doctor right away. |
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