教育王國
標題: 應用行為分析治療(ABA) Q&A [打印本頁]
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 11-9-11 16:34 標題: 應用行為分析治療(ABA) Q&A
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: ikebukuro 時間: 11-9-11 17:18
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 11-9-11 18:38
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: henryfok 時間: 11-9-11 19:51
怎樣小組時或課堂上都以不出位,thx!
原帖由 earlyeducation 於 11-9-11 18:38 發表 
在一對一過程中學生會學習各種的日常生活指令，這些指令會幫其他老師及家長去指示學生在平時上課的行為。到適合的時候，一對一的形式亦會有所改變，會慢慢變成學校上課形式，而且在治療內容亦會加上小組學習，令學生能在一對一 ...
作者: conconma 時間: 11-9-11 21:40 標題: 回覆 1# henryfok 的文章
ABA Strategies
ABA therapists work with applied behavior analysis techniques in order to teach children with autism through intensive one-on-one therapy sessions. ABA can help children with any level of autism spectrum disorder. ABA therapy works on communication, academic, social and behavioral skills or any other deficits that a child might have. Specific targets of the interventions are chosen based on the child's individual problems and disorder. Children with autism often exhibit behaviors such as their unwillingness and a reduction in these behaviors is often the first intervention target. After behavior problems are controlled, the intervention aim can shift to dealing with other aspects of autism, such as improving communication and social interaction. Goals in an intensive behavioral intervention program will also change as the child improves or when there is a change in the environment.
Treatment is based heavily on functional assessment, information, and family input.
Basic principles of behavioral and educational intervention approaches
Behavioral therapies include specific approaches to help individuals acquire or change behaviors. All behavioral therapies are based upon some common concepts about how humans learn behaviors. At the most basic level, operant conditioning involves presenting a stimulus (request) to a child, and then providing a consequence (a "reinforce" or a "punisher") based on the child's response.
• A reinforce is anything that, when presented as a consequence of a response, increases the probability or frequency of that response. Examples of possible reinforcers for young children may include verbal praise, or offering the child a desired toy.
• A punisher is a consequence that decreases the probability or frequency of that response. Possible punishers for young children may include verbal disapproval or withholding a desired object or activity. The term "punisher" is a technical term used in behavioral therapy and does not imply the use of physical abuse such as hitting, slapping, spanking, or pinching.
ABA Therapy Approaches
A default in social motivation is a characteristic in autism. Children with autism typically lack the motivation to learn new tasks and participate in their social environment. Some traits you may observe when placed in soc
al situations are temper tantrums, crying, noncompliance, inattention, fidgeting, staring, attempting to leave, or unwillingness. The use of ABA therapy can increase the desire in children with autism, therefore, significantly enhancing the effectiveness of the teaching environment.
[ 本帖最後由 conconma 於 11-9-11 22:17 編輯 ]
作者: conconma 時間: 11-9-11 22:12 標題: 回復 2# henryfok 的帖子
ABA needs to follow the fomula of ABC method.
A is Anecdotal observation, what environment factors trigger this behavior. 什麼環境因素引致該行為. B is the Target Behavior which we want to change. 針對什麼行為需要去改變 In your case it is 離開位. C is the Consequence, what is the feedback to make the child willing to change his behavior gradually? 什麼反饋令他願意改變現有的行為...Therefore, at first, you and your therapist need to work together to observe and find out what factors trigger this behavior. Without finding out the cause, how can you motivate the child with consequence in order to change his behavior?
analyse分析-->find out the reason/cause, how to motivate with consequence to change the behavior-->apply應用good behavior to life (應用行為分析)
分析問題行為的前事-行為-結果（A-B-C）路徑圖，製定對抗行為路徑圖，改變A或C進而改變問題行為
OR
A - Antecedent
A directive or request for the child to perform an action.
B - Behavior
A behavior, or response from the child - successful performance, noncompliance, or no response.
C - Consequence
A consequence, defined as the reaction from the therapist, which can range from strong positive reinforcement (ie. a special treat, verbal praise) to a strong negative response, “No!”
另一方面, 教導+訓練學生去類化環境也是重要...舉例說, 在家他會用匙羹吃飯, 而無論出外, 在學校也一樣(要用匙羹吃飯)-->行為不會因環境變化而改變...
又譬如: 在家訓練要坐好專注, 在學校亦需要一樣...同樣地, 在學校要留心上堂及投入訓練, 在家亦需要
再舉個例子, 小朋友被同學欺負而不懂回應 A=面對其他小朋友欺負, B=不懂說出適當回應, C=激發他講出 :[停手!]motivate him say "Stop!" or "You are not nice!". You can use movie/cartoon and role playing to explain to him.
再舉一個實例, 我個仔試過一排突然間唔肯去任何廁所 (但之前巳經toilet trained), 后來經過一段時間的觀察+記錄, 發現原來佢愛上"玩"廁所(沖廁), 因為他也經常邀請我一齊去"玩"沖廁,每次見到沖廁他也很雀躍, 既然佢當了廁所係玩具, 誰也不會在玩具piss...A: 突然間唔肯去任何廁所, 當廁所係玩具 B: 唔肯去廁所 C: 解釋及示範廁所不是玩具, 廁所的真正用途
[ 本帖最後由 conconma 於 11-9-12 00:47 編輯 ]
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 11-9-12 00:45 標題: 回復 3# henryfok 的帖子
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: cheungsm1 時間: 11-9-12 08:36
請問如小朋友有簡單嘅語言，但他不時自言自語講太空話自我刺激，應該怎辦？
Thanks
作者: conconma 時間: 11-9-12 09:48 標題: 回覆 1# cheungsm1 的文章
不少自閉兒都有自我刺激行為, 反映著感統的失衡, 坦白講不是一個容易處理的問題, 因為當一樣行為消失, 好快可能又出現另一個行為去取替...不過都可嘗試去減輕程度, LPYdad提議的也非常好...
1. 治本...感統失衡+將刺激行為變得比較正常
跳彈床(以半小時為一個單位)也是不錯的感統運動, 可訓練語言區, 消耗多餘體力, 我個人比較喜歡手拖手跳, 一齊跳, 一齊唱, 數, 增加互動, 目光接觸
另外, 有些自我刺激喜歡fing 手, 自轉, 不停跳...將它們化為跳彈床, 都係跳, 不過看來很正常...鍾意licking人, 牆, 就lick糖 (不含庶糖, 不然會過動)
http://www.littlegianthk.com/b5_product1.php?all=y&fid=1&sid=16
2. Redirect his attention
玩手, 咁隻手得閒, 就畫下圖, 剪紙, 穿珠,砌圖, 玩練力胶, 做rdi一起摺手巾, 摺衫...在街上, 可問他問題或形容見到0既東西(要他跟你講or fill in sentence);叫他摸摸身體部份; 一起唱歌+做動作, 分散其注意力, 仲知令佢唔專注於自我刺激及講太空話...
3. 嘗試搵出及記錄引致刺激的環境及源頭及次數,會否 燈光, 某些聲音, 物件刺激到佢, 令佢很緊張, 需要自我刺激來安撫及平靜自己...我小朋友每次聽到冷氣機低沉的頻率, 便會失控, 打頭...但夏天四處都有冷氣機...在家我會播放輕音樂, 蓋過冷氣機聲...出街就讓他聽mp5...
4. 身體過敏或治療引發自我刺激
原來某些自閉兒對一些食物, 如: 旦, 牛奶有過敏, 食后好像身體內有蟻咬一樣(我小朋友這麼形容)...在街外用膳(食過味精食品), 情況非常嚴重...另外, 每次排毒期間或針炙療程過后, 自我刺激也嚴重了, 要做大量感統+按摩去平伏...因為他們表達能力比較弱, 所以可能用行為表達自己身體的不適...
5.還有假如小朋友比較大, 認知能力亦可以, 家長就需要當他每次有刺激行為時, 講出你對佢的感受+表情, 告訴他:[this is not good唔好睇, 我唔鍾意你咁做], 然後替他搵一個取替品去代替自我刺激...情況如許可, 拍下他的行為及別人的目光, 反應...讓他明白這樣也會令自己及家人感到embarrassed
[ 本帖最後由 conconma 於 11-9-12 10:23 編輯 ]
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 11-9-12 11:40
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 11-9-12 23:11
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: conconma 時間: 11-9-12 23:21 標題: 回覆 1# earlyeducation 的文章
U too...
作者: overcomer 時間: 11-9-13 00:07
咁ABA在訓練孩童社交互動方面有什麼方法? 除了"背對白式"的方法外, 有冇類似RDI的理念, 希望孩童有動態智能, 主動分享意見? 如果小朋友係高功能, 智力等冇問題, 係差社交, 有什麼方法? 社交係最惡搞的, 其他小朋友係唔會就你, 對方會回答什麼不能完全預測。又會有暗示、諷刺等。
ABA在心智解讀方面又如何TRAIN? 如何訓練他們解讀別人的想法?
作者: conconma 時間: 11-9-13 01:18 標題: 回覆 1# overcomer 的文章
Actually, Asperger is also weak in social skill, in order to enhance their social skill) first, we have to do the foundational work. step by step...學社交也等同學語言, 認知...都是要先打好基礎, 再逐步去提昇...所以, 最初prompting 是有需要的, 等於一個小孩最初學講說話,都要家長經常在旁提點著...但等他掌握了技巧, 一定要基礎上巳純熟, 穩固, 才可以再提昇...
For ABA, normally it divides into age groups with similar ability in order to train their social skill...
The art of social interaction is a combination of responses to both verbal and non-verbal social bids.
During the training, we focus on beginning social initiations and reciprocations, dramatic play skills, turn taking, and age-appropriate games.
For examples:4-6 year-olds
To enhances creativity, themed play, and cooperation with peers. Additional skills include listening, following group instructions, and playing games with rules. Role playing and compliments enhance self esteem.
children may need additional teaching in cooperation, teamwork, and adding novelty to group play themes. Group topics include self regulation, theory of mind, and advanced conversational skills.
More dramatic play to the next level. there might be different themes every 2 weeks to encourage the use of imagination, taking on a character role, and teaching children to plan their play.
For the elder kids, incorporates the acquisition of social skills concepts, such as making and keeping friends, conversation, expressing feelings, self regulation, and self confidence through special activities.
Anger management is also very important. Some of the ASD child, they are hard to control their temper, e.g will cry or feel mad if they lose in the game. Thus, they have to learn and practice coping strategies, relaxation techniques, and effective strategies for self management to enhance social relationships and daily functioning.
For adolescence can be tough, it addresses common challenges for teens and teaches strategies to establish lasting friendships, deal with peer issues and solve social problems in positive ways.
還有, rdi 在動態智能訓練也是非常好...所以我也經常鼓勵家長們去上rdi 家長學堂, 將會得益不淺...無論TEACCH, aba, RDI, floortime etc每種訓練也有其優點, 能集大成者會是最好...
今晚眼睛很累, 其實有補充的, 遲些再加...各位中秋節快樂!!
[ 本帖最後由 conconma 於 11-9-13 11:56 編輯 ]
作者: conconma 時間: 11-9-13 19:34 標題: 回覆 2# overcomer 的文章
在小朋友的社交模式多出現在遊戲中, 但自閉兒在遊戲過程中缺乏与他人的经验分享，主要表现在三个方面，缺乏唤起别人注意的交流性语言、缺乏共同注意和缺乏共同活動行為
在語言、視線和活動，這三个方面都表现了自閉兒与人經驗分享能力的不足。据此推测，自閉兒可能就因此很難通過对對人的態度和情感知覺，而獲得他人给某一特定对象物有个约定俗成的象征符号能力，从而使他们難以進行假想遊戲。
有共同注意力的小孩特徵:
1. 從后面叫孩子的名字，他会回頭望, 甚至報以微笑或點頭。
2. 大人對孩子说话时，孩子会注意大人的眼睛或面部表情。
3. 孩子想要的東西拿不到時，會用手指指着東西要人幫忙。
4. 孩子想要的東西拿不到時，他会看看東西、看看人，要人幫忙。
5. 孩子有東西覺得好玩或有趣時，会拿给别人看。
6. 孩子看到有趣的東西時，会用手指指给别人看。
7. 叫孩子+指着遠處令他感興趣的東西叫他看時，他会往手指指的方向看去（不是只看着手）。
8. （沿上题）這時他会看看人、看看東西，看别人在看什麼
共同注意力可用來引導注意力，以便分享接触一件物品或与他人共處的經驗。它包括以下幾方面：
1. 將某物拿给某人看+觀察此人的反應
2.看别人所指或正在看的東西，并且
指着某樣東西讓别人看一件物品或者件事，目标就是看那个東西（這井不是说一个孩子指着糖要糖，而是像评論一个话题那樣指着，並與同伴共享這一評論）。
共同注意力之所以重要是因為它是非言语性的社交技能，或语言發展前的技能...
的確, rdi在提高共同注意力有很大成效...
<待續>
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 11-9-14 10:27
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: conconma 時間: 11-9-14 20:20 標題: 回覆 4# overcomer 的文章
首先, 社交能力與智力是不掛鉤...但有影響性
曾有學者將一班智力正常自閉兒與另一班弱智的小朋友在實驗, 讓他們去玩社交或假想遊戲...結果令人感意外, 自閉兒的分數竟然比弱智的小朋友低很多很多...
故此,我是贊同家長去聽RDI家長學堂, 但是在實行RDI前, 必須搞清楚你的小朋友在verbal behavior intervention 基礎是否穩固(the functional roles between speaker and listerner)
不然, RDI也比較難去運用得好
作者: conconma 時間: 11-9-14 20:27 標題: 回復 5# overcomer 的帖子
首先, 社交能力與智力是不掛鉤...但有影響性
曾有學者將一班智力正常自閉兒與另一班弱智的小朋友在實驗, 讓他們去玩社交或假想遊戲...結果令人感意外, 自閉兒的分數竟然比弱智的小朋友低很多很多...
故此,我是贊同家長去聽RDI家長學堂, 但是在實行RDI前, 必須搞清楚你的小朋友在verbal behavior intervention 基礎是否穩固(the functional roles between speaker and listerner)
不然, RDI也比較難去運用得好...假如有智力問題, 在實行RDI同時請先打好VBI基礎, 這是非常重要的...VBI是ABA一個重要元素, 但坊間不是很多公司有實行
作者: overcomer 時間: 11-9-14 22:55
什麼是VBI, 謝謝你耐心解答。
作者: LPYdad1 時間: 11-9-15 00:18 標題: 回覆 1# overcomer 的文章
Dear conconm, earlyeducation & overcomer,
Yr passage are extremely gd. Learnt a lot from yr explanation in ABA & social skills,
作者: anan3388 時間: 11-9-15 07:53
找到一個好站：
http://verbalbehaviorapproach.blogspot.com/
作者: anan3388 時間: 11-9-15 08:11
另, RDI 開始既 stage 入面, 很多是非語言既溝通, 根據它的理論, 是要重建 a 仔在普通孩子的社會化發展中, 因障礙而未能發展的部份, 1歲前的 baby 唔識講野, 但已能夠與成人有很好的互動。所以 stage 1 中, non-verbal 既 training 不少, 有些"講野"好叻但唔係同人溝通既 a 仔, 訓練會設計成要求他們不要說話, 只用眼神和身體語言就能溝通。
以前我都以為只有高功能孩子比較適合 RDI, 但深入了解後, 其實不然。看過一些 parent 拍的 video, 不是個個都是 high function 的, 但一樣能做到, 並能溝通得很自然。我覺得無論咩程度, RDI 對溝通很有幫助, 而溝通是語言的基礎, 語言只佔整體溝通的一部份而已~
當然不是所有 a 仔都未能掌握 stage 1 的, 所以我也不知道過了 stage 1 的 a 仔的情況會是怎樣的和甚麼是適合他們的。始終 a 仔個個都唔同~
暫時對我而然, RDI 最 amazing 的, 是自然/自發的溝通和交流, 學會用眼神, 表情傳遞思想。當然, 不是一朝一夕, 但, 是有可能的。
[ 本帖最後由 anan3388 於 11-9-15 08:31 編輯 ]
作者: kelvin_hmlau 時間: 11-9-15 09:59
講得無錯, non-verbal, declarative language 同 slow down 係RDI 重點, 家長無上過堂都可以做到的.
作者: conconma 時間: 11-9-15 10:27 標題: 回覆 1# anan3388 的文章
message is deleted
[ 本帖最後由 conconma 於 11-9-15 10:28 編輯 ]
作者: conconma 時間: 11-9-15 10:30 標題: ABA and RDI
以下感想可能會得罪很多人(但聲明我不是明示或暗示任何人), 請不要誤會,因我的出發點是好, 只想家長們對任何治療背后的底縕作出尊重...well...the blog that anan3388 posted is worth to take a reference, but it's only the tip of the iceberg...regarding VBI,-ABA it encompasses many skills, and involves doing the assessment (James W. Partington) and keeps checking the progress of the student...it's not simple...
Actually, i really upset if someone say ABA is bad or useless (but w/o any grounds...did u go through the training of ABA, the assessment and statistic?) if no, pls dont comment, o/w misleading ppls斷章取義...just like one RDI consultant, i feel very disappointed with her(but i still appreciate her, because she held such a good lesson to the parents)對事唔對人...how come a professional saying something w/o thinking the feeling of the parents? 佢曾經講過:[有一年教一班智力有問題0既a仔上社交班, 嘩...完全跟唔到, 我好似湊仔咁, 好辛苦...]她有否想過在座的我, 小朋友也有智力問題, 他也是跟不上, 但錯不在他, 他也不想智力有問題...btw, this consultant discontented with ABA very much, might be her thinking and comments are based on incomplete comprehension of ABA...可惜就係因為佢一句ABA唔好, 就誤導了許多從未接觸過ABA的家長...for me, i wont compare which therapies is better, which one is the best...because they are "not product", i do think, take the therapies which are suitable for your child in his "stage"...就算當係product, 都先要兩種都"試過", 才能得出結論及比較, 假如只是道聽途說, 不是自己經驗過, 何以去"評論"
BTW, i didnt say low functioning cannot take the RDI lesson, but we (parents) have to equip them with the VBI, o/w, it's really hard to work it out...because i know some of the mother whom taking the RDI lesson, they complaining that RDI is very difficult, it's because the cognitive skill of her boy is very very weak, he cannot understand even simple instruction...(just like my boy, he is weak in cognitive skill, thus instruction+response together-->too difficult for him at that moment, so i had to divide them into two areas to train, then combined them afterwards
Now i m also studying the RDI, i do think every therapies are good, we have to take their advantages and most important is to work out the theory 因為理論係死, 實踐才是生的...就好像"努力試"的媽媽, 理論是她始創的, 她亦切實的實行出來, 雖然現在她的兒子能力也不算高, 但也是盡了力, 而無悔
[ 本帖最後由 conconma 於 11-9-15 23:11 編輯 ]
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 11-9-15 10:33
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 11-9-15 11:39
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: conconma 時間: 11-9-15 18:46 標題: 回覆 1# earlyeducation 的文章
so sorry...
作者: conconma 時間: 11-9-15 20:10 標題: 回覆 27# ikebukuro 的文章
but i can say, might be the culture is different between hong kong and US. (ABA is come from US) In US, mom usually a housewife (because it's expensive to hire a helper), thus mother ll always sit in during the aba training, they ll learn the skill to teach their kids eventually. And, they ll train their kid at the rest of the time. However, there are many working mothers in hong kong, they are busy, how can they sit in for every lesson? It's impossible...however, for aba training, (and all the therapies) parents and other family members also need to work out exactly the same what the therapist did during the training in order to deal w/ the ASD kid, o/w, it ll has the gap, the ASD child hard to generalize who, when & where should he follow the instructions...so he ll only follow instructions and talk when the therapist is here...t/4, it's suggest to take video for the training, so that parents can learn the skill and work out the same and practise more at home...
[ 本帖最後由 conconma 於 11-9-15 22:08 編輯 ]
作者: conconma 時間: 11-9-15 20:31 標題: 回覆 10# LPYdad1 的文章
雖然話唔講, 但都想輕輕分享,上RDI堂, 家長起先要學下忍口, 唔好成日問問題, 因為希望先訓練小朋友多留意我們的面孔, 表情及行為 (多於說話)...而ABA, 在教導社交層面, 會著重言語(7'WH, how etc, 事關人與人的溝通, 除描述外, 很多都是問與答)...其實我本人覺得並冇抵觸, 只要分時段去做, 做RDI 就RDI, ABA 時就ABA...
作者: conconma 時間: 11-9-15 20:41 標題: 回覆 5# earlyeducation 的文章
yeah...exactly, 可參考協康出的兒童發展手冊, 希望快出新版, 因為現在兒童各方面能力比10年前強很多很多了, 唉...我0地的小朋友相對就更弱了, 現在評估更加多了社交, 解難等範疇...
[ 本帖最後由 conconma 於 11-9-15 22:03 編輯 ]
作者: SandraLo 時間: 11-9-15 23:01
原帖由 earlyeducation 於 11-9-12 11:40 發表
Cheungsm1, 首先要知道太空話的頻率及原因，然後治療師會與孩童進行練習，例如由5mins開始，5mins內要安靜，然後就有奬品，如果沒有安靜，當然沒有獎品啦， 然後加入不同因素，增加難度，例如時間加長、不同活動。慢慢，孩童就知道太空話 ...
再簡單一些, 可以在他沒有講太空話時讚他, reinforce 「不講太空話」這個好行為.
另外有一点要好小心的：對一些說話意欲低的自閉症小朋友來說, 將太空話定位為一個壞行為去改正, 是有一定的風險, 因為語言能力低的小朋友未必分辨得到「有意思的說話」和「太空話」, 那你去 discourage 他講「太空話」時, 可能也 discourage 了他發聲/說話, 比較好是他說太空話時, 和他一起玩聲或跟旋律去發某些音(當唱歌), 將自我剌激轉化成一個玩意/遊戲！
作者: conconma 時間: 11-9-16 04:33 標題: 回覆 14# overcomer 的文章
dear overcomer, 其實我都明家長們希望好多治療自閉症0既program, 最好都能自學成功(因為我都係家長)...事關要投資的成本也所費不菲...
其他program我唔認識的, 不太comment, 但我唸絕大部份,都需要step by step, e.g from stage 1-stage 10 etc...ABA, 大家都知係將一個項目/目標分拆到很細, (講緊可能過400個項目)要master到一樣再去另一樣, 不能跳步, 操之過急, 不然出現斷層, 即係小朋友學0既0野有好多窿窿(你以為佢識咩, 原來佢根本未識,因自閉兒跟正常小朋友真的不同, 正常的懂類化, 一點就明, 甚至舉一反三...故此, 假如有一個program能驅驅在網上列出, 然後自學成功, 沒有人需要去上堂, 我勸你亦都唔好去上這個program, 因為都好驚吓...(等於未懂數數量,何來計+,-, 更不用談x, 除...我唸唔會有家長只教小朋友唸熟乘數表, 就覺得個仔識計乘數, 如果係咁"他"亦錯過了數學最基礎亦重要的理念, 基礎不穩, 將來數學都唔會叻) (所以千祈唔好話我咁衰, 知道0既0野唔講出來, 我就係驚講0左出來, 家長們就只係跟0個幾點去做,其他的全部skip, 到頭來埋怨aba 唔work)
等於大家上st, 你都知, 個45分鐘, 好似次次都教差不多0野,因為小朋友未master 到,how can he goes further...RDI 也一樣, 其實雖然我都唔太明, 如果只是上了學堂, 然後自己就教阿仔, 其實會否有好多0野遺留0左? 咁漏0左 or skip 0左, 教出來又係咪好? (我自己都有"?")因為唔係講緊自學整旦糕咁兒戲, 假如冇...點解consultant要比$ 去德州讀書, 考牌, 仲要整個program為期最少18個月, (唔係個半月)... 唔通0個18個月學0既0野, 在短短個半月就能"速成"?而中間時間又沒有評估表跟住進度, 咁點知係咪可以去另一個stage? 因為在美國絕對冇這種形式出現...
其實自己有時都有"執藥"心態, 阿仔講0野差就谷佢講0野啦, 社交差就上下社交班, 但在美國上堂時, 老師說這樣做真的不好, 他說以一個"program"來講, 不能抽出我0地覺得重要的範疇來學, 其他枝節唔學 (誰知道可能這些枝節竟是構成樹的骨幹)? 就好像煮一道餸, 如果呢樣唔落, 0個樣可以skip, 最終煮出來是否色香味俱全?
不過自己都是香港人, 我絕對明白這心態,(導師與家長們彷彿巳有共識, understood, 冇人像我講及問這些廢話) 只不過, 就連我自己都覺得這樣的教學方法存在一些隱憂...
[ 本帖最後由 conconma 於 11-9-16 10:21 編輯 ]
作者: ktv 時間: 11-9-16 13:43
原本上晒成個PROGRAM 緊係好, 問題係, 唔係個個人有錢、有時間。 不少人一個月賺唔夠一萬, 點上成個PROGRAM? 反正冇錢上, 能夠得到一些啟蒙都好, 好過乜都唔知。
你話那姑娘:[....上社交班, 嘩...完全跟唔到, 我好似湊仔咁, 好辛苦...]。類似o既話, 身為阿媽O既我都講過, 我諗呢句話好多阿媽都講過，尤其阿媽湊SEN仔唔會輕鬆, 緊係好辛苦。就算唔講出來, 都係收埋O係心裏唔講。所以唔駛咁HURT。
作者: kelvin_hmlau 時間: 11-9-16 14:41
我覺得上面位媽媽講左重點, ABA 要密集, 要導師一星期1x 小時. 收費可能同PST 相似, 香港地唔係好多人負擔得起. 香港同美國唔同, 美國福利國家可能會批10/20 小時免費ABA.
在香港, 我地普通人家最可以負擔到RDI 同努力試, 再加一d 個別訓練. 大家湊A仔都係新丁, 自己動手訓練, 邊個會"無窿".
作者: conconma 時間: 11-9-16 17:36 標題: 回覆 1# kelvin_hmlau 的文章
yeah...i understand...
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 11-9-16 22:43
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: rollover 時間: 11-9-17 10:53 標題: 回覆 1# earlyeducation 的文章
hope that u get well soon...because i want to seek for your advice...
Because my son used to has aba home training, and he can sit well and follow instructions at home + during training…however, he is terrible after he changed a new school recently. He always get out of the seat, grapping teachers’ things, shout suddenly in the class, just don’t know why…
So, I request my therapist to do the shadow in the school and trying to figure out the reason behind...after a few days, the therapist came up the conclusion, she said, because my son cannot generalize the place of school which he need to sit well, especially every time they have assembly in the indoor playground every morning, she said in my son’s mind, playground is for playing not sitting down and listen, is her assumption true?
However, I saw the therapist give him time out or ask him facing to the wall immediately when every time he gets out of seat, shouting or grapping teachers' things in the class…now, 1 week passed, he still doing the same(she said, my son doesn’t understand why he is being punished, even though she did explain to him, e.g therapist told him” stand up now because u get out of the seat…”(or may be he doesn’t understand the meaning of “get out of the seat”? )ah...i dont know if her explanation is true)...so the principal ask me to bring him back home and train him very well b/4 he goes back to school, oh...what should I do?
Also, I saw the therapist using a chart with smiley faces, when every time my son shouting or hitting others, she cross one smiley face in front of him…she explains to him if all the smiley faces are crossed out, u cannot go to playground after school. (there was playground picture stick on the chart). She explained, show something visible and make him understand the consequence if he does bad things.
Today, the therapist asked me to urge the principal allow her to take the video of the school everyday starting from next week, she said, she ll review with my son everyday for what his bad behavior in the school, and try to make him understand why she punishes him...ah...does it work, i doubt?
Because the principal already felt impatient that we doing so many things in the classroom...but still cannot see the result...or I have to change the therapist? Kindly adv…I m eager to get some helps, thx a lot!
[ 本帖最後由 rollover 於 11-9-17 11:06 編輯 ]
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 11-9-17 12:56
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 11-9-17 14:50
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 11-9-17 15:01
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: rollover 時間: 11-9-17 15:51 標題: 回覆 1# earlyeducation 的文章
sorry...earlyeducation, did u mention your email? Or i overlooking it?
作者: anan3388 時間: 11-9-17 15:55
我都好好奇，aba書中提好多positive reinforcent 同 errorless learning 的概念，為什麼聽一些case都多用punishment的方法?就算唔係a仔，睇住不停俾人扣分都無心機啦，都唔覺得自己做到就放棄羅！願聞其詳！
作者: anan3388 時間: 11-9-17 15:55
reinforcement...
作者: rollover 時間: 11-9-17 16:06 標題: 回覆 1# anan3388 的文章
oh...sorry anan3388, may be i didnt mention clearly, actually, my therapist also give reinforcement when my son doing something good...punishment only applied when he does something bad...
作者: anan3388 時間: 11-9-17 16:35
oic! 又會否那些reinforcer唔夠吸引，又或班房環境太複雜佢overloaded，跟唔上要做乜etc.?會否其實都未找到個核心原因點解呢?
作者: rollover 時間: 11-9-17 16:43 標題: 回覆 1# anan3388 的文章
i ve no idea...because he can follows all the instructions and sits well at home and the previous school...might be new enviornment and some distractions in class, i just dont know...i just know, if he still doing bad behaviors, he has big chance to be kicked out from the school 
作者: conconma 時間: 11-9-19 00:38 標題: 回覆 40# cheungsm1 的文章
對於最近聽到有家長說, 有些aba公司叫他們只要上得多些堂數, 就不需上st, pt, ot這些治療...我對這說話有保留...
首先,請不要把 ABA"神化"了, 它不是萬能的...雖然它教的內容很廣...
其次, 該公司很不負責任...如果不是專業職業治療師, 又怎麼知道小朋友感統上有什麼問題...如果他是過敏的, ABA therapist卻叫他做很多過份刺激的感統運動, 豈不是弄巧成拙? 又假如小朋友原來有失語症, 所以不能說話, 這些應納入st 範疇...
最後, 奉勸家長們在替小朋友搵therapy時, 請搵搵專門3 t了解小朋友, 不然overlook 問題徵結, 就等於延誤小朋友進步的...假如不是有嚴重的口肌,口部神經...感統失調, aba可能是一個不錯的選擇...
[ 本帖最後由 conconma 於 11-9-19 00:50 編輯 ]
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 11-9-19 11:40
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 11-9-19 15:18
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 11-9-20 11:22
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 11-9-20 11:45
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: laicherry1030 時間: 11-9-20 12:06 標題: 回復 2# earlyeducation 的帖子
嘩...個理論好似好深0既...最尾0個句唔係好明, 唔好意思..."Remember, we need to generalize this, and fade our helping/prompting as soon as we can. Try not to use the same situation over and over again, we don't want it to be rote."
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 11-9-20 14:27 標題: 回復 53# laicherry1030 的帖子
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: laicherry1030 時間: 11-9-20 17:00 標題: 回覆 1# earlyeducation 的文章
我同佢由番學至放學都同佢指下講下, 宜家0係火車站, 超市...問佢我0地0係邊,佢都識答, 應該唔似撞彩0架...但番0左屋企問佢, 你啱啱去0左邊, 佢又唔肯定, 冇答, 要比佢睇番薯條先醒起去0左麥記, 點解記性咁差...
作者: kelvin_hmlau 時間: 11-9-20 17:20 標題: 回覆 1# laicherry1030 的文章
呢類記憶叫做 episodic memory - 個件事情連繫住emotion. A仔係比較缺乏 episodic memory. 所以佢地都幾難講到例如學校發生左乜野趣事.
如果想執正d 佢地個腦, 幫佢地儲存 episodic memory 係十分重要.
作者: laicherry1030 時間: 11-9-20 18:18 標題: 回覆 1# kelvin_hmlau 的文章
點解你0地講d名詞咁深0架...我係咪要去讀書先明, 趕唔切呀...好驚, 點算呀...唔識點教呀...幫幫忙, 點訓練你講0個樣episodic memory?
作者: laicherry1030 時間: 11-9-20 18:33 標題: 回復 2# kelvin_hmlau 的帖子
我覺得自己好冇用, 點解其他家長咁叻, 搵咁多資料同學0野, 去幫自己小朋友, 我就咩都冇做, 所以佢有今日0既結果係我自己攞0黎, 嗚...好想喊
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 11-9-20 21:48 標題: 回覆 58# laicherry1030 的文章
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: kelvin_hmlau 時間: 11-9-21 09:57 標題: 回覆 3# laicherry1030 的文章
咪玩啦! 事實係我唔肯定episodic memory 中文係咪"情境記憶", 所以寫英文吧...
即係普遍講的"零碎片段", 用你個例子就係佢知道"麥當奴有薯條食". 但可能無記到"今日同媽媽去左麥當奴, 我地食得好開心!".
幫佢記低 episodic memory, 就可以係呢d 時刻講一次比佢聽, 記住"開心"呢個emotion 係今次重點. 爸媽表情可以豐富d, 好似做緊 drama. 跟住等feedback, 看看有無互動的experience sharing. 氣氛可以輕鬆d, 無feedback 都ok, 因為唔係問答題.
另外可以拍下相片, 甚至一起晝返d 開心野出黎, 加深記憶.
作者: conconma 時間: 11-9-21 10:55 標題: 回覆 1# kelvin_hmlau 的文章
kelvin_hmlau...yeah!
U are excellent! Actually, i remember this term" episodic memory" is came from psychology (it was my minor subject when i studied in us, haha...), it's talking about the long term memory...yes, exactly...we can train the kids with the long term memory, but first step is short term memory-->long term memory, step by step, i ll demonstrate it to u this coming sat, see u...laicherry1030
作者: laicherry1030 時間: 11-9-21 11:32 標題: 回覆 2# kelvin_hmlau 的文章
唔係玩0架! 係真係覺得你0地好叻好叻, 所以我都想去多d家長聚會, 識多d同路人家長, 吸收多d他人經驗...唉, 你知啦, 我一路以為將個仔交比學校就得, 點知原來自己都要付出, 宜家恍然大悟
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 11-9-21 12:21 標題: 回覆 61# conconma 的文章
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: conconma 時間: 11-9-21 15:25 標題: 回復 1# earlyeducation 的帖子
yes, totally agree...
作者: conconma 時間: 11-9-21 15:41 標題: 回覆 2# earlyeducation 的文章
dear earlyeducation, sorry to jam in...補充少少...如果教緊"what did u do?" 最好不要同時教where, when, who...其他"wh" concepts為免混亂... 當中加插類化, 人, 物件, 地方...for me, i ll emphasize one more time for the key word of the question e.g "where?"...
[ 本帖最後由 conconma 於 11-9-21 15:54 編輯 ]
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 11-9-21 22:54 標題: 回覆 65# conconma 的文章
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: LPYdad1 時間: 11-9-22 01:14
Passage from u gals are another good lesson!
原帖由 earlyeducation 於 11-9-21 22:54 發表
thanks conconma :) that's a good direction for starting to teach, but remember to mix things up once the kid is good at recall for activity. 
作者: conconma 時間: 11-9-22 09:43 標題: 回覆 2# earlyeducation 的文章
sure...for me, it depends on the kid's ability...first, fill in the sentence is also good...mami blowing bubble in...(kitchen/ bathroom...)...next, ask question...step by step, o/w, question can also be a confusion to the kid
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 11-9-23 00:15
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: ling619 時間: 11-11-24 22:43
小朋友心急活躍aba係唔係都幫到佢
同埋去APschool or aba 1對1
會幫到個小朋友
thanks
作者: Chaochao 時間: 11-11-25 11:41
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: 淇淇0223 時間: 11-11-27 00:51
ABA其實係邊到有得做???
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 11-11-28 11:54
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 11-11-29 13:35
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: Chaochao 時間: 11-11-30 16:04
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: crisma 時間: 11-11-30 23:18
我都想搵私人上門ABA Therapist（元朗區），一星期兩堂，有無好介紹呀？
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 11-12-1 11:39 標題: 回復 75# Chaochao 的帖子
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 11-12-1 14:52 標題: 回復 76# crisma 的帖子
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: crisma 時間: 11-12-1 19:44 標題: 回復 78# earlyeducation 的帖子
佢已經做左一年多密集ABA, 但係有D問題ABA真係幫唔到佢，所以佢要多做D小組，所以ABA就要cut。
作者: Chaochao 時間: 11-12-2 14:50 標題: 回復 1# crisma 的帖子
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 11-12-8 15:40
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: Olympian 時間: 11-12-8 17:28
想同大家分享一下:
最近家長gathering，其中一位小朋友和小兒一起讀私人S位的。經已讀了一年，今年轉讀ABA。這個小朋友剛3YR。懂一些單字。
這位小朋友返了一個月的ABA，進步如下:
1. 能安坐:之前整年都要坐有seatbelt的椅子，否則常離座
2. 叫他的名字有反應，多了望人
3. 對別人的讚賞感開心:之前表現得毫不在乎
4. 再沒有發脾氣時訓地
5. 專注力有明顯改善:家長說在3hr的課堂，囝囝都要留心導師正在用什麼，沒有機會分心，所以專注力有所進步。以前囝囝常發夢。
這個小朋友的ABA時間是3hr/day, 5day/wk，暫時1on1，遲些有1on2小組。另外有上OT。
一個月就有這麼大的進步真的很吸引。其實如果返了一年S位都冇太大的進步，都好值得試下其他Training。不過價錢就係私人S住的一倍。
作者: Chaochao 時間: 11-12-9 11:14 標題: 回復 1# Olympian 的帖子
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 11-12-10 00:12
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 11-12-22 17:12
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: 陳爸爸 時間: 12-2-18 01:02
請問如果小朋友到兩歲四個月都未有任何單字（even 爸爸媽媽都未講)ABA可以如何幫到佢呢?
Thanks!
作者: kicks_collector 時間: 12-2-18 20:04
我想問下大家有邊幾間機構有一對一ABA課程?我兒子1歲7個月,排緊期做assessment,但我想早D搵定比佢上堂, 有冇私人上門做ABA嘅介紹,大家可否幫派忙給我一些資料?
作者: kicks_collector 時間: 12-2-18 20:05
可否pm我 [email protected] thank you
作者: Chaochao 時間: 12-2-21 17:34
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: anitalym 時間: 12-2-23 14:48
Sorry, 我係新手, 請問甚麼是RDI?
作者: Jcmfong 時間: 12-2-24 12:09 標題: 回覆：應用行為分析治療(ABA) Q&A
Aba 同 TEEACH 會唔會撞？
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 12-2-25 21:49
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: mei999999 時間: 12-2-25 23:04
本帖最後由 mei999999 於 12-2-25 23:05 編輯
你好我想問如果小朋友四歲講說話無問題，但語言理解能力差九個月，上這些課程有否幫助．
作者: 陳爸爸 時間: 12-2-25 23:57
earlyeducation 發表於 12-2-25 21:49 
陳爸爸 不好意思，遲覆您。Aba 可以幫助到小朋友，我有一名學生，快六歲了，在某家半政府的特殊學校快一年 ...
作者: kicks_collector 時間: 12-2-26 11:27
有好多人都話ABA得,我想主因係毎日不間斷有槪念地學習同一樣事直至小朋友可以自己自發地做到,但好多父母都要返工,夜晚回家只能用上大概2-3hrs教小朋友,日間只好請人教,仲需要好大耐性.有冇私人上門ABA介紹? thank you
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 12-2-26 19:58
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 12-2-26 19:58
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 12-2-26 20:00
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
作者: 陳爸爸 時間: 12-2-26 23:00
earlyeducation 發表於 12-2-26 19:58
回復 陳爸爸 的帖子
陳爸爸：我講出的是自身經驗，那名小孩開始時的基本模仿能力非常底，我知道只有20天的 ...
Thanks for your reply, 請你唔好介意我這樣說, 其實作為父母都會好心急想知邊種方式可以最快又最能提升自閉兒的學習能力同認知, 希望佢有機會改善到能夠和一般小孩一樣可以升讀主流學校...
以我看有関自閉兒的文章說, 自閉兒多是模仿力都低的, 因他們腦內掌管模仿學習的Mirror Neuron （鏡像神經元）運作不良甚至不可運作, 所以正常的小孩能夠學習咁快都係由於通過觀察就能夠模仿同樣的動作或行為, 但自閉兒就多數要靠親身經驗過(仲要多次重復地經驗)才可學習到, 所以ABA可以怎樣提升到自閉兒的模仿能力呢? 我都好希望知多啲, thanks!
作者: earlyeducation 時間: 12-2-27 22:18
提示: 作者被禁止或刪除 內容自動屏蔽
| 歡迎光臨 教育王國 (/) |
Powered by Discuz! X1.5 |